Ososayensi bathuthukise isethi yezitsha zokudla “eziluhlaza” ezenziwe ngomoba kanye noqalo okulula futhi okusebenzayo, okuthembisa ukuthi kuzoba yindlela engcono esikhundleni sezinkomishi zepulasitiki nezinye izitsha zepulasitiki ezisetshenziswa kanye. Ngenkathi amapulasitiki endabuko noma ama-polymer abola kungathatha iminyaka engama-450 noma amazinga okushisa aphezulu ukubola, le nto engenabungozi futhi enobungani nemvelo ibola ezinsukwini ezingama-60 kuphela futhi ihlanzekile ngokwanele ukugcina ikhofi yakho yasekuseni noma ukudla okuthathayo. Isihloko mayelana nale ndlela ehlukile yepulasitiki sanyatheliswa kumagazini i-Matter ngoNovemba 12, 2020.
“Uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, lapho ngifika e-US okokuqala ngo-2007, ngamangala ngokusabalala kwezitsha zepulasitiki ezisetshenziswa kanye ezitolo ezinkulu,” kusho umlobi ohambisanayo uJulie Hongli waseNortheastern University. “Zenza izimpilo zethu zibe lula, kodwa futhi ziba yimfucuza engaboli emvelweni.” Kamuva, ukubona izitsha zepulasitiki ezengeziwe, amapuleti, nezitsha zokudla ziphonswa emgqonyeni emihlanganweni kanye nemihlangano kwamenza wazibuza, “Singasebenzisa yini izinto ezihlala isikhathi eside?”
Befuna ezinye izindlela zokusebenzisa izitsha zokudla zepulasitiki, uZhu nozakwabo baphendukela ku-bamboo kanye nomunye wemithombo emikhulu yemfucuza yemboni yokudla: i-baking yomoba. Ithimba lihlanganise imicu ye-bamboo emide, emincane nemicu ye-baking emifushane, ebanzi ukuze bakhe i-mesh ebanzi futhi bakhiqiza izitsha ngalezi zinto ezimbili ezizinzile ngokwemishini futhi ezibolayo. Akuzona nje kuphela ukuthi lezi zitsha ezintsha ezinobungani nemvelo ziqinile njengepulasitiki futhi zikwazi ukubamba uketshezi, kodwa futhi zihlanzekile kunezitsha ezibolayo ezenziwe ngezinto eziphinde zasetshenziswa, ezingase zingangcoliswa ngokuphelele. Ziqala ukubola enhlabathini ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-30 kuya kwezingu-45 futhi ziwohloka ngokuphelele ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-60.
“Ukwenza izitsha zokudla akuwona umsebenzi olula. Akufanele nje kuphela zibole,” kusho uZhu. “Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sidinga izinto eziphephile ekudleni; ngakolunye uhlangothi, isitsha kufanele sibe namandla aphezulu omshini uma simanzi futhi sihlanzeke kakhulu, njengoba sizosetshenziselwa ukugcina ikhofi eshisayo kanye nesidlo sasemini esishisayo.”
Abacwaningi bangeze i-alkyl ketenedimer (AKD), ikhemikhali enobungani nemvelo esetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yokudla, ukuthuthukisa ukumelana kukawoyela namanzi kwezitsha ezibunjiwe, ukuqinisekisa ukuqina ezindaweni ezinomswakama. Ngalesi sithako, izitsha ezintsha zezitsha zisebenze kahle kakhulu kunezitsha zokudla ezibolayo ezitholakala ezitolo, njengezinye izitsha zezitsha zikamoba kanye namabhokisi amaqanda, ngamandla emishini, ukumelana kukawoyela, kanye nokungabi nobuthi.
Izinkomishi ezakhiwe ngabacwaningi zinenye inzuzo: ukwehla okukhulu kwe-carbon footprint. Inqubo yokukhiqiza umkhiqizo omusha ikhiqiza i-CO2 engaphansi ngo-97% kunezitsha zepulasitiki ezivamile, kanye no-65% ngaphansi kwephepha nepulasitiki ebolayo. Umgomo olandelayo wethimba ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kwenqubo yokukhiqiza nokunciphisa izindleko ukuze ikwazi ukuncintisana nepulasitiki. Nakuba izinkomishi ezenziwe ngezinto ezintsha zibiza kabili kunezo ezenziwe ngepulasitiki ebolayo ($4,750 ngethani), izinkomishi zepulasitiki zendabuko zisashibhile kancane ($2,177 ngethani).
"Kunzima ukuvimba abantu ekusebenziseni izitsha ezilahlwayo ngoba zishibhile futhi zilula," kusho uZhu. "Kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi ikhambi elihle kungaba ukusebenzisa izinto ezinobungani nemvelo, ezibolayo ukuze kukhiqizwe lezi zitsha ezilahlwayo."
Umthombo: Liu Chao, Luan Pengcheng, Li Qiang, Cheng Zheng, Sun Xiao, Cao Daxian, kanye noZhu Hongli, “Izitsha Zokudla Ezibolayo, Ezihlanzekile, Nezinomanyolo Ezenziwe Ngemicu Ehlanganisiwe Yomoba-I-Bamboo Njengendlela Ehlukile Yepulasitiki,” Matter, Novemba 12, 2020. I-DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2020.10.004
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-10-2025